Treatment for Tooth Sensitivity: Causes & Care
Have you ever experienced a sharp pang when sipping a hot drink or biting into an ice cream? If so, you're not alone! Tooth hypersensitivity affects a significant portion of the population, causing discomfort and sometimes severe pain. This condition can be triggered by various factors, from hot and cold temperatures to sweet and acidic foods.
In this post, we’ll shed some light on the causes of this sensation and discuss the symptoms that sufferers commonly experience. More importantly, we’ll discuss effective treatments for tooth sensitivity to help better manage this discomfort.
Understanding Tooth and Gum Sensitivity
So, what causes tooth sensitivity to cold or heat? Tooth hypersensitivity (also known as dentin hypersensitivity) occurs when the enamel that protects our teeth gets thinner or when gum recession happens, exposing the underlying surface, called dentin. The exposure leads to nerve endings being more vulnerable to changes in temperature and other triggers, resulting in pain; in fact, this is one of the primary causes of sensitive gums, as well.
The primary symptom of tooth hypersensitivity is a sudden, sharp pain that shoots into the nerve endings of the teeth. This discomfort can occur when consuming hot, cold, sweet, or very acidic foods and drinks. It can also happen during routine dental care practices, such as brushing or flossing. The pain is usually acute and can vary in frequency or intensity from person to person.
Common causes include:
- Enamel erosion: Enamel erosion is a leading cause of hypersensitivity. Enamel may wear away due to various factors, including but not limited to acidic foods and drinks, overzealous brushing, or the natural aging process. As the enamel erodes, it exposes the dentin, which contains tiny tubules (hollow channels) that lead directly to the nerve centers of the teeth.
- Gum recession: Gum recession often accompanies or contributes to hypersensitivity. It exposes the roots of the teeth, which are not covered by enamel and are therefore more susceptible to elements that can trigger pain. Gum recession can be caused by periodontal disease, aggressive tooth brushing, or genetics.
- Other contributing factors: Several other factors can amplify tooth sensitivity. Dental procedures (such as teeth whitening, fillings, or braces) might temporarily increase sensitivity. Cracked teeth or worn fillings expose the dentin or the tooth's pulp, leading to discomfort. Additionally, habits like grinding or clenching your teeth can wear down enamel and contribute to sensitivity over time.
Treatment for a Sensitive Tooth at Home
Proper treatment for tooth sensitivity involves a combination of oral hygiene, dietary adjustments, and the use of home remedies. Here’s how you can incorporate these strategies into your daily routine to reduce discomfort and protect your teeth!
Brushing Techniques
To minimize the risk of aggravating sensitive teeth, use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gently brush in a circular motion rather than a back-and-forth motion. Avoid brushing too hard, as this can further wear down the enamel and increase sensitivity. Brushing correctly not only helps reduce pain but also ensures your gums remain healthy.
Fluoride Toothpaste and Mouthwashes
Fluoride plays a crucial role in fortifying the enamel and reducing pain associated with tooth sensitivity. Use toothpaste specifically formulated for sensitive teeth, which often contains compounds that help block the transmission of sensations from the tooth surface to the nerve. Additionally, fluoride mouthwashes can help remineralize the enamel and protect against decay, reducing sensitivity.
Foods and Drinks to Avoid
If you have sensitive teeth, avoiding extreme temperatures in foods and beverages (i.e. scalding coffee or ice-cold drinks) is advisable as these can trigger pain. Acidic foods or drinks should also be consumed in moderation, such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, and carbonated beverages.
Modifying Eating Habits
Rather than snacking on them throughout the day, try to eat acidic or potentially harmful foods only during main meals to minimize exposure. Using a straw when drinking acidic beverages can help by bypassing the teeth. After consuming, wait at least 30 minutes before brushing to avoid damaging the weakened enamel.
Desensitizing Agents
Over-the-counter desensitizing agents, such as gels and rinses, can be applied to the teeth to help reduce sensitivity. These products contain ingredients like potassium nitrate, which helps to block the tubules in the dentin. Regular use according to the product instructions can significantly lessen sensitivity over time.
Natural Remedies
Some natural remedies can help reduce inflammation and pain. For instance, rinsing with a saltwater solution has been proven effective. Another option is using a honey and warm water rinse, which offers natural antibacterial properties and can soothe sensitive teeth. However, while these remedies can provide temporary relief, they are not a substitute for proper dental care and should be used in conjunction with other management strategies.
Over-the-Counter Solutions
Managing tooth sensitivity is also possible with over-the-counter (OTC) products that are available at your local drugstore.
Desensitizing Toothpaste
Desensitizing toothpastes are specially formulated to lessen the pain associated with tooth sensitivity. They contain ingredients such as potassium nitrate or strontium chloride, which help block the transmission of pain signals from the surface of your tooth to the nerve inside. These ingredients essentially "plug" the microscopic tubules in the dentin, reducing the sensitivity to triggers like hot or cold temperatures.
When shopping for desensitizing toothpaste, look for those that contain active ingredients like potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride. Popular brands that are highly recommended include Sensodyne, Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief, and Crest Sensitivity. Regular use, as directed, can significantly improve your condition over a few weeks.
Mouthguards for Bruxism
Bruxism, or teeth grinding, will exacerbate tooth sensitivity by wearing down the enamel and exposing the sensitive dentin. This habit often occurs during sleep, making it hard to control without help.
Mouthguards are a helpful solution for protecting your teeth from the effects of grinding. They act as a barrier between the teeth, preventing wear and reducing pressure on the jaw. OTC mouthguards can be helpful, but for the best fit and maximum protection, a custom-made mouthguard from your dentist is recommended.
When to Seek Professional Treatment
While many cases can be managed effectively at home, it's crucial to recognize when professional intervention is a necessary treatment for tooth sensitivity.
Recognizing Persistent Symptoms
Persistent or worsening tooth sensitivity often signals underlying issues that require a dentist's evaluation. Key signs that you should visit a dentist include:
- Sensitivity that persists despite the use of desensitizing toothpaste for several weeks
- Sharp, severe pain that occurs without obvious triggers
- Pain that lasts longer than a minute after exposure to hot or cold temperatures
- Sensitivity that affects your ability to consume everyday foods and drinks
Leaving tooth sensitivity untreated can lead to more severe dental problems. Continuous exposure will not only increase pain but also make your teeth vulnerable to other conditions like cavities or gum disease. In severe cases, it can lead to tooth loss, infection, or the need for significant dental work such as root canals or crowns.
What to Expect at the Dentist
When you visit the dentist for tooth sensitivity, they will conduct a thorough examination to determine the exact cause of your discomfort. The examination typically includes a visual inspection of your teeth and gums, dental X-rays to detect any hidden problems inside the teeth, and a cold test to identify the sensitivity response. These diagnostic tools enable the dentist to pinpoint specific areas of concern and develop an effective treatment plan for you.
To get the most out of your visit, be prepared to discuss the details of your symptoms thoroughly. Inform your dentist about the duration and onset of your sensitivity, specific triggers that cause pain, any home remedies you have tried, and your oral hygiene habits — including the products you use and your brushing technique. This information is crucial for your dentist to understand the potential causes of your sensitivity and to recommend the most appropriate treatment options.
Professional Treatments for Hypersensitivity
For those suffering from severe or persistent tooth sensitivity, professional treatments available at dental clinics can offer significant relief. These treatments range from topical applications to more invasive procedures, depending on the underlying cause or severity of the sensitivity.
Fluoride Treatments
Dental professionals will apply fluoride treatments in the form of a gel, foam, or varnish during a regular dental visit. These high-concentration fluoride treatments are applied directly to the teeth, strengthening the enamel and reducing the transmission of sensations to the nerve. The benefits of in-office fluoride applications include immediate relief from sensitivity and long-lasting protection against decay, which can further prevent sensitivity.
For ongoing management, dentists may prescribe fluoride products such as a specific toothpaste or mouth rinse that has a higher concentration of fluoride than OTC options. These products are used daily at home to help maintain the strength of tooth enamel while decreasing sensitivity over time.
Bonding Agents
For teeth where enamel erosion or receding gums expose the dentin, a dentist might apply bonding resin to the sensitive areas. This procedure involves the application of a tooth-colored resin that covers and protects the exposed dentin or root, effectively blocking exposure to external stimuli that cause pain.
Gum Grafts
When gum recession is the primary cause of sensitivity, a gum graft may be necessary. This surgical procedure removes tissue from another part of the mouth (usually the palate) and attaches it to the affected area. The exposed root is then covered, reducing sensitivity and protecting against further recession and bone loss.
Root Canals
In cases where sensitivity is due to severe decay or damage that affects the tooth’s pulp, a root canal might be required. The procedure involves removing the damaged or infected pulp, cleaning the inside of the tooth, and sealing it to prevent further damage. Root canals can both alleviate pain and save the tooth from extraction.
Preventing Hypersensitivity
Tooth sensitivity is certainly an uncomfortable condition, but with the right preventive measures, you can significantly reduce your risk of experiencing it in the future. Here are some effective methods to protect your teeth and maintain better oral health.
Use a Soft-bristled Toothbrush
One of the simplest yet most effective ways to prevent tooth sensitivity is to use a soft-bristled toothbrush. Hard bristles wear down tooth enamel and irritate the gums, potentially leading to sensitivity. Soft bristles, on the other hand, are gentle on both the teeth and gums, effectively cleaning your teeth without causing unnecessary damage.
Avoid Acidic Foods and Drinks
Acidic foods and beverages erode tooth enamel over time. To prevent this erosion, it's advisable to limit your intake of these items. When you do consume acidic foods or drinks, try to do so during meals rather than between meals, and rinse your mouth with water afterward to neutralize the acids.
Professional Cleanings and Exams
Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are crucial for maintaining oral health. During these visits, dental professionals remove plaque and tartar that can contribute to gum disease or sensitivity. They also polish your teeth, which helps to smooth out rough spots where bacteria can accumulate.
Early Detection and Treatment For Tooth Sensitivity
Visits to the dentist also allow for the early detection of problems that could lead to sensitivity, such as cavities, broken fillings, or gum disease. Catching these issues early can prevent them from worsening and causing significant discomfort. Additionally, your dentist will provide advice tailored to your specific oral health needs, helping you to maintain strong, healthy teeth and avoid sensitivity.
Say “So Long” to Sensitivity with Lee Simon!
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